Writing the Rough Draft

Writing the Rough Draft

Writing the rough draft is a transition, one that takes you from the mental aspect of note taking, outlining and prewriting to the act of writing. Your topic is defined with a clarified and supported focus. As you incorporate all the work you have completed up to this point, keep in mind that your rough draft is just that—a rough copy of your paper that you continue to shape, edit and strengthen after it is written.

With that in mind, you can tackle your rough draft. Focus on the content and the flow of information rather than on the little details, such as detailed information and grammar –there is plenty of time to clean up and strengthen your paper between the rough draft and the final version. Your rough draft consists of writing an introduction, supporting body paragraphs and a conclusion. As you write, keep the following tips in mind:

• Maintain a logical development
• Create smooth transitions between paragraphs
• Stay in the active voice
• Vary your sentence structure by using simple, complex and compound sentences
• Avoid 1-2 sentence paragraphs

What you need to get started:

• Your notes
• Your outline
• A clear mind
• Time and room to work

While following your outline is important, putting every little detail and piece of supporting information into your paper in the rough draft is not always necessary, but do what works for you. Your notes and outline together serve as guides for what you intend to include and where you intend to include it.

Writing the introduction of your rough draft

With your outline in sight, start writing the introduction of your rough draft. The ultimate goal of a strong introduction is to get the attention and interest of your readers. In addition, your introduction should do the following:

• Include some background information on your topic
• Make the perspective and point of view clear
• Contain your thesis statement
• Provide a roadmap of how your paper is organized (broadly defined)
• Focus on the main points you make within the body of your paper

Writing the body paragraphs of your rough draft

The body paragraphs of your rough draft are the backbone of your paper; they hold the supporting information that backs up your thesis. Keep the suggestions below in mind as you write each paragraph:

• Start each paragraph with a clear topic sentence that defines what the paragraph is about
• Write smooth transitions between paragraphs using transitional words and phrases
• Avoid writing paragraphs that are too short because they show a lack of development
• Stay in the active voice to keep your paper clear and effective
• Maintain your point of view or perspective to keep the paper focused
• Avoid summarizing information you have already written about –save it for the conclusion
• Support your perspective and interpretations with data in the form of indirect and direct quotations
• Replace your keywords with synonyms periodically to avoid repetitive language
• Cite all sourced material
• Make sure the sentences of each paragraph flow to form a cohesive point

Writing the conclusion of your rough draft

The conclusion of your rough draft is where you tie everything together. Some of the information is similar to that found in the introduction, but it should not be a word-for-word copy. In the conclusion, more emphasis is placed on the results of your research or on broader implications on the subject as a whole. To write the conclusion, follow the below steps:

• Re-read your introduction while paying particular attention to the development of it and supporting body paragraphs
• Set the introduction aside
• Summarize the argument made in your introduction
• Conclude your argument(s)

Ultimately, your conclusion is your last chance to help readers truly understand what your paper is about, so it needs to show the order and importance of your main points and show how you logically conclude the paper.

Remember as you write your rough draft that it is okay to omit the more detailed information to focus on the flow and transition of each paragraph. The details obtained through your research are easily added after the first draft is complete. In fact, through the process of finalizing your paper, you are likely to edit, proofread, make corrections and change things up quite a bit.

Once the basics of your paper are in place, though, applying those finishing touches to strengthen your paper is much easier. With a rough draft completed, you should take a day or two away from the paper to provide clarity and a fresh perspective when you come back to finalizing it.

Write a Research Paper: First Draft

Write a Research Paper: First Draft

Introduction

·         The introduction should include:

         Ø  Thesis statement

·         Grab the readers’ attention on what the essay entails

         Ø  At least three subtopics should be included to support the main topic

Body

·         At the beginning of each paragraph, a topic sentence should be stated

         Ø  It states the main idea

         Ø  Readers are able to follow the main points of the essay

Conclusion

·         A broad summary on what the paper entails is needed

         Ø  Restate the main points

         Ø  Summarize the information in the paper

Revision

Homework Center: How to Write a Research Paper

Homework Center: How to Write a Research Paper

How to Write a Research Paper?

How to Write a Research Paper?

Write a First Draft

1. Every essay or paper is made up of three parts:
   
   
   • introduction
   • body
   • conclusion
2. The introduction is the first paragraph of the paper. It often begins with a general statement about the topic and ends with a more specific statement of the main idea of your paper. The purpose of the introduction is to:
   
   
   • let the reader know what the topic is
   • inform the reader about your point of view
   • arouse the reader's curiosity so that he or she will want to read about your topic
3. The body of the paper follows the introduction. It consists of a number of paragraphs in which you develop your ideas in detail.
   
   
   • Limit each paragraph to one main idea. (Don't try to talk about more than one idea per paragraph.)
   • Prove your points continually by using specific examples and quotations from your note cards.
   • Use transition words to ensure a smooth flow of ideas from paragraph to paragraph.
4. The conclusion is the last paragraph of the paper. Its purpose is to
   
   
   • summarize your points, leaving out specific examples
   • restate the main idea of the paper

Read more: Homework Center: How to Write a Research Paper http://www.infoplease.com/homework/t6roughdraft.html#ixzz3bsacxdF1

What is a Primary Source?

What is a Primary Source? A primary source is a document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study. These sources were present during an experience or time period and offer an inside view of a particular event. Some types of primary sources include: ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS (excerpts or translations acceptable): Diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters, interviews, news film footage, autobiographies, official records  CREATIVE WORKS: Poetry, drama, novels, music, art  RELICS OR ARTIFACTS: Pottery, furniture, clothing, buildings Examples of primary sources include: Diary of Anne Frank - Experiences of a Jewish family during WWII  The Constitution of Canada - Canadian History  A journal article reporting NEW research or findings  Weavings and pottery - Native American history  Plato's Republic - Women in Ancient Greece  What is a secondary source? A secondary source interprets and analyzes primary sources. These sources are one or more steps removed from the event. Secondary sources may have pictures, quotes or graphics of primary sources in them. Some types of seconday sources include: PUBLICATIONS: Textbooks, magazine articles, histories, criticisms, commentaries, encyclopedias  Examples of secondary sources include: A journal/magazine article which interprets or reviews previous findings  A history textbook  A book about the effects of WWI  Search by keyword for Primary Sources in the Main Catalog You can search the Main Catalog to find direct references to primary source material. Perform a keyword search for your topic and add one of the words below: (these are several examples of words that would identify a source as primary) charters correspondence diaries early works interviews manuscripts oratory pamphlets personal narratives sources speeches letters documents Selected Primary Sources on the Internet

MLA Citation Examples

MLA Citation Examples

Some General Rules

In-Text Citations

What You Are Citing	In-Text Citation
The entire work (or a work that has no page numbers) Include information in the text of your paper that will allow the reader to locate the source in your works cited list. If it is not possible to include this information in the text, follow the sentence where the citation needs to be made with an in-text citation containing only the name of the author.	In his article "Allston Gothic," local historian Forman Jackson demonstrates how completely the neighborhood's gruesome past has been forgotten by its residents. OR A recent newspaper article demonstrated just how thoroughly the neighborhood's gruesome past has been forgotten by its residents (Jackson).
A specific page	(Cortois 70)
If the author's name is included in the text of the sentence where the citation takes place	Jacobs has argued this point (190-210).
Multi-volume set	(Green 1: 112-14) "1" is the volume number.
Citing multiple authors	See Authors, below.

Authors

One author

Example: Works Cited List	Example: In-Text Citation
Courtois, Charles A.	(Cortois 70)

Two or three authors

Example: Works Cited List	Example: In-Text Citation
Martin, Jonathan A., and Christopher Jackson. Hughes, Jane C., Elizabeth V. Brestan, and Linda Anne Valle.	(Martin and Jackson 127-28) (Hughes, Brestan, and Valle 2-3)

Four or more authors

Example: Works Cited List	Example: In-Text Citation
Fontela, Pablo, Antonio Sorio, Javier Mielgo, and Juan de Blas. or Fontela, Pablo, et al. If a work has more than 3 authors, MLA gives you the option of listing only the first author followed by "et al" (Latin for "and others").	(Fontela, Sorio, Mielgo, and Blas 153-54) or (Fontela et al. 153-54)

Group author

Example: Works Cited List	Example: In-Text Citation
Modern Language Association.	(Modern Language Association 111)

No authors listed

Example: Works Cited List

Example: In-Text Citation

"None to Claim Their Bones: Relics of an Old Brooklyn Graveyard." New York Times 8 Apr. 1888: 3-4. ProQuest Newspapers. Web. 10 June 2006. List that source by title in your works cited list. The title should be followed by the name of the source in the citation, and the remainder of the citation composed as appropriate for the source type. Alphabetize reference list entries beginning with a title using the primary word of the title (excluding a, an, or the).

("None to Claim Their Bones" 3) In-text citations should include the title and the page number(s) of the text you are quoting or referring to, with the titles of articles in quotations, and the titles of books or Web sites italicized. In cases where the title contains a colon, use only the text before the colon in the in-text citation.

Titles

Titles of books, periodicals, art works, reports and Web sites are italicized. Please check the appropriate sample citation on this page to make sure you are using italics correctly.

Dates

With the exception of May, June and July, the names of the months must be abbreviated in MLA works cited lists as follows:

• January = Jan.
• February = Feb.
• March = Mar.
• April = Apr.
• August = Aug.
• September = Sept.
• October= Oct.
• November = Nov.
• December = Dec.

Undated Sources: Use "n.d." (for "no date") in the appropriate place in your citation. When this is used after a period in a citation, capitalize the "n" ("N.d.").

Source	Example
No date given	Knowles, Allison. House of Dust. N.d. Sculpture. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York. Grove Art Online. Web. 7 Aug. 2006.

Volume and Issue Numbers

Volume and issue numbers are often not available for articles in online periodicals. In these cases simply follow the date of the magazine or journal with a period in your works cited list citation, omitting the volume number where necessary.

Source	Example
Journal volume and issue number available	Child and Family Behavior Therapy 26.1 (2004). 26 is the volume number and 1 is the issue number.
Online periodical where volume and issue numbers are not given	Journal of Family Counseling (2004).

Page Numbers

Source	Example
Page range whose first number is over 100	125-35 (not 125-135) 3200-22 (not 3200-3222) Do not repeat any numbers that can be easily inferred by the reader. This is done to minimize the length of works cited lists.
Online periodical where page numbers are not given	American Psychologist 59 (2004): n. pag. Follow the date of the magazine or journal with "n. pag."

Citing a Source within a Source

Scenario: You read an article by Brown that cites, on page 424, another article by Larsen. You want to cite Larsen's article, but you have not read Larsen's article itself.

Works Cited List	In-Text Citation
Brown, J. D. "Librarians as Business People: A Review of the Literature." Journal of For-Profit Librarianship 28 (2006): 421-436. Academic Search Premier. Web. 15 May 2007. Your Works Cited list will contain the article you read, by Brown. Your Works Cited list will NOT contain a citation for Larsen's article.	Larsen's study (cited in Brown 424) found that... Your in-text citation gives credit to Larsen and shows the source in which you found Larsen's ideas. OR Larsen writes, "Today's librarian is part teacher, part entrepreneur" (qtd. in Brown 424). If Brown's article quotes Larsen's article directly and you want to use that quotation, MLA style employs the abbreviation "qtd. in" for "quoted in."

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Articles

Academic Journals:

Source	Works Cited List
Library database	Hughes, Jane C., Elizabeth V. Brestan, and Linda Anne Valle. "Problem-Solving Interactions between Mothers and Children." Child and Family Behavior Therapy 26.1 (2004): 1-16. PsycINFO. Web. 12 Nov. 2006.
Free Web	Martin, Pearl Y., and Sonia Jackson. "Educational Success for Children in Public Care: Advice from a Group of High Achievers." Child and Family Social Work 7.2 (2002): 121-30. Web. 15 Nov. 2006.
In print	Hughes, Jane C., Elizabeth V. Brestan, and Linda Anne Valle. "Problem-Solving Interactions between Mothers and Children." Child and Family Behavior Therapy 26.1 (2004): 1-16. Print.
More info	In-text citation examples General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc.

Tip:

• Include volume and issue number (example: "26.1") when both are available.

Magazines:

-Daily or Weekly Magazines

Source	Works Cited List
Library database	Borowitz, Adam. "Pavlov's Brother." New Yorker 11 Nov. 2004: 63-65.Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Nov. 2006.
Free Web	Springen, Karen. "Artful Aging." Newsweek 25 Jan. 2005: n. pag. Web. 12 May 2005.
In print	Borowitz, Adam. "Pavlov's Brother." New Yorker 11 Nov. 2004: 63-65. Print.
More info	In-text citation examples General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc.

-Monthly Magazines

Source	Works Cited List
Library database	Ives, Frank, and Jonathan Lydon. "Freud's Vienna Revisited." DiscoverAug. 2005: 16-17. PsycINFO. Web. 15 Mar. 2006.
Free Web	Gelb, Norman. "Winter of Discontent." Smithsonian May 2003: n. pag. Web. 3 Apr. 2005.
In print	Ives, Frank, and Jonathan Lydon. "Freud's Vienna Revisited." DiscoverAug. 2005: 16-17. Print.
More info	In-text citation examples General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc.

Tip:

• When an issue of a magazine covers several months, the name of the first and last month in the range should be given in the citation, separated by a dash, for example: Apr.-May 2003.

Newspapers

Source	Works Cited List
Library database	Brown, Patricia Leigh. "Tiffany Glass and Other Tales from the Crypt."New York Times 5 Sept. 1999: A1+. ProQuest Newspapers. Web. 10 June 2006.
Free Web	Forman, Jackson. "Allston Gothic." Boston Globe 12 Aug. 2003: n. pag. Web. 12 June 2006.
In print	Brown, Patricia Leigh. "Tiffany Glass and Other Tales from the Crypt."New York Times 5 Sept. 1999: A1+. Print.
More info	In-text citation examples General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc.

Tip:

• When an article appears on nonconsecutive pages (for example A1 and A6) give only the first page number followed by a "+" as shown above. Give the page number on which the material you've used appears in your in-text citation, for example: (Brown A6).

Encyclopedia Articles

Source	Works Cited List
Library database	Jackson, Keith. “Chesapeake Bay.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 2006 ed.Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Web. 14 Sept. 2006.
More info	In-text citation examples General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc.

Book, Film and Product Reviews

Source	Works Cited List
Library database	Grimes, William. "Beyond Mandalay, the Road to Isolation and Xenophobia." Rev. of The River of Lost Footsteps: Histories of Burma, by Thant Myint-U. New York Times 13 Dec. 2006: E8+. ProQuest Newspapers . Web. 11 Dec. 2006. An untitled book, film, or product review (for example, a review covering multiple works): Guha, Martin. Rev. of Fleeting Pleasures: A History of Intoxicants, by Mervyn London, and Substance Use among Young People in Urban Environments, by Isidore S. Obot and Shekhar Saxena. Journal of Mental Health 15.2 (2006): 713-16. PsycARTICLES. Web. 2 Apr. 2006.
In print	Grimes, William. "Beyond Mandalay, the Road to Isolation and Xenophobia." Rev. of The River of Lost Footsteps: Histories of Burma, by Thant Myint-U. New York Times 13 Dec. 2006: E8+. Print. An untitled book, film, or product review (for example, a review covering multiple works): Guha, Martin. Rev. of Fleeting Pleasures: A History of Intoxicants, by Mervyn London, and Substance Use among Young People in Urban Environments, by Isidore S. Obot and Shekhar Saxena. Journal of Mental Health 15.2 (2006): 713-16. Print.
More info	In-text citation examples General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc.

Tip:

• The name of the work being reviewed should be preceded by "Rev.", and italics or other formatting done as appropriate for items reviewed and the source of the review itself.

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Books

Source	Works Cited List
Basic book	Jans, Nick. The Last Light Breaking: Life among Alaska's Inupiat Eskimos. Anchorage: Alaska Northwest Books, 1993. Print.
Edited book	Miller, John, and Tim Smith, eds. Cape Cod Stories: Tales from Cape Cod, Nantucket, and Martha's Vineyard. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1996. Print. Please see the sample citation for a chapter or article in an anthology below for information on citing a component of an edited collection.
Numbered edition other than the first	Arking, Robert. The Biology of Aging: Observations and Principles. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. Print.
Revised edition	Culliney, John L. Islands in a Far Sea: The Fate of Nature in Hawai'i. Rev. ed. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2006. Print.
Multi-volume set	Green, Constance McLaughlin. Washington. 2 vols. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1962-63. Print. In-text citation: (Green 1: 112-14) "1" is the volume number.
Chapter or article in an anthology	De Maria, Walter. "The Lightning Field." 1980. Theories and Documents of Contemporary Art: A Sourcebook of Artists' Writings. Ed. Kristine Styles and Peter Selz. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996. 527-30. Print. If the piece being cited was previously published, give the original date of publication after its title as shown above. The page numbers of the chapter or article should follow publication information for the book in your citation. Additional examples of citations for anthology contents can be found on pages 158-9 of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (7th ed.).
More info	In-text citation examples General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc.

Tips:

• Note on citation elements in books
  Give the city of publication, publisher's name and year of publication (e.g. "New York: Random House, 1977"). If several cities are listed, give only the first. For cities outside the United States, add an abbreviation of the country (or province for Canadian cities) if you think the location will be unfamilar to your readers, for example:
  
  
  • Bells Yew Green, Eng.
  • Neepawa, MB
  A complete list of geographic name abbreviations is available on pages 236-40 of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (7th ed.), and you can always contact the library if you need help finding an abbreviation.

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E-Books

Source	Works Cited List
Library database	Kornblum, William. At Sea in the City: New York from the Water's Edge. Chapel Hill: Algonquin Books, 2002. NetLibrary. Web. 23 June 2006.
Free Web	Seton, Ernest Thompson. The Arctic Prairies: A Canoe-Journey of 2,000 Miles in Search of the Caribou. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1911.Project Gutenberg. Web. 8 May 2006.
Book chapter from a library database (suggested format)	Herlong, Mark. "Traces of the Past in Blagden Alley." Washington Palimpsest. Ed. Ryan Shepard. Washington: Reedbird Hill Press, 2005. 102-15. Academic Search Premier. Web. 11 Apr. 2006. Library databases may include chapters from books. Information about the publisher of a book can often be found in the description of the chapter in the database. Author and publisher information may be omitted from your citation if it is not available.
More info	In-text citation examples General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc.

Tips:

• Note on citation elements in e-books
  Give the city of publication, publisher's name and year of publication (e.g. "Boston: David R. Godine, 1977"). If several cities are listed, give only the first. For cities outside the United States, add an abbreviation of the country (or province for Canadian cities) if you think the location will be unfamiliar to your readers, for example:
  
  
  • Bells Yew Green, Eng.
  • Neepawa, MB
  A complete list of geographic name abbreviations is available on pages 236-40 of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (7th ed.), and you can always contact the library if you need help finding an abbreviation.

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Web Sites

Source	Works Cited List
Section of a Web site	"Global Sea Turtle Populations Decline." Sea Turtle Restoration Project. 26 May 2002. Web. 22 Sept. 2006.
Entire Web site	Sea Turtle Restoration Project. Sea Turtle Restoration Project. 2006. Web. 5 Aug. 2006.
More info	In-text citation examples General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc.

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Online Classroom Materials

Source	Works Cited List
A document in a UMUC online classroom	Whitford, Denny. "Cross-Curricular Initiatives in NSCI170." Document posted in University of Maryland University College NSCI 170 6981 online classroom. 1 Oct. 2006. Web. 22 Dec. 2006. No official MLA format for citing online classroom materials exists. This is merely a recommended format to use in citing such documents.
More info	In-text citation examples General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc.

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Technical and Research Reports

Source	Works Cited List
Free Web	United States. Government Accountability Office. Information Security: Concerted Effort Needed to Consolidate and Secure Internet Connections at Federal Agencies. Mar. 2010. Web. 19 Mar. 2012. <http://www.gao.gov/assets/310/301876.pdf>.
In print	United States. Government Accountability Office. Information Security: Concerted Effort Needed to Consolidate and Secure Internet Connections at Federal  Agencies. Washington: Government Accountability Office, 2010. Print.
More info	In-text citation examples General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc.

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Dissertations and Theses

MLA does not provide official citation formats for dissertations and theses retrieved from online sources, but we recommend the use of the following:

Dissertations

Source	Works Cited List
Dissertations and Theses database	Pecore, Joanna Theresa. "Sounding the Spirit of Cambodia: The Living Tradition of Khmer Music and Dance-Drama in a Washington, D.C. Community." Diss. U of Maryland, College Park, 2004. Dissertations and Theses. Web. 12 June 2006.
Free Web	Caprette, Christopher L. "Conquering the Cold Shudder: The Origin and Evolution of Snake Eyes." Diss. Ohio State U, 2005. Web. 9 Aug. 2006.
In print	Caprette, Christopher L. "Conquering the Cold Shudder: The Origin and Evolution of Snake Eyes." Diss. Ohio State U, 2005. Print.
More info	In-text citation examples General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc.

Master's Theses

Source	Works Cited List
Dissertations and Theses database	Harzbecker, Joseph John. "Life and Death in Washington, D.C.: An Analysis of the Mortality Census of 1850." MA thesis U of Massachusetts, Boston, 1999. Dissertations and Theses. Web. 22 Nov. 2006.
Free Web	Angelova, Anelia Nedelcheva. "Data Pruning." MS thesis California Inst. of Technology, 2004. Web. 29 May 2007.
In print	Angelova, Anelia Nedelcheva. "Data Pruning.” MS thesis California Inst. of Technology, 2004. Print.
More info	In-text citation examples General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc.

Tips:

• For Masters of Science theses, replace "MA" with "MS".

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Images

MLA provides limited guidance on citing images: if you are unable to cite the image that you need to using the formats below, please contact us for assistance.

Titled Image

Source	Works Cited List
Library database	Rousseau, Henri. The Ship in the Storm. 1896. Painting. Musee de l'Orangerie, Paris. Grove Art Online. Web. 22 Nov. 2006.
Free Web	Rousseau, Henri. The Ship in the Storm. 1896. Painting. Musee de l'Orangerie, Paris. Web. 8 Aug. 2006. The collection which owns the image should be included in your citation along with its location as shown above.
Image reproduced in a printed source	Rousseau, Henri. The Ship in the Storm. 1896. Painting. Musee de l'Orangerie, Paris. Henri Rousseau: Jungles in Paris. By Claire Fresches, et al. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 2006. 232. Print.
More info	In-text citation examples General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc.

Untitled Image

If an image is untitled, create a brief, descriptive title for it. Do not italicize this title or place it in quotes, and capitalize only the first word and any proper nouns.

Source	Works Cited List
Library database	Muybridge, Eadweard. Photograph of a horse running. 1887. National Gallery, London. Grove Art Online. Web. 30 Oct. 2006.
Image reproduced in a printed source	Muybridge, Eadweard. Photograph of a horse running. 1887. National Gallery, London. Eadweard Muybridge: The Father of the Motion Picture. By Gordon Hendricks. New York: Grossman, 1975. 202. Print. Give the number of the page that the image appears on after the book's publication information.
More info	In-text citation examples General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc.

Tips:

• If known, the collection which owns the image should be included in your citation along with its location as shown above.

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Interviews and E-mail Messages

Source	Works Cited List
Interviews	Brown, Jane. Personal interview. 18 Nov. 2006. Smith, John. Telephone interview. 12 Aug. 2006. Whiting, Jennifer. E-mail interview. 2-10 Dec. 2005. To cite an interview you have conducted as part of your research, give the name of the person you interviewed, the type of interview, and the date or range of dates.
E-mail message	Smith, Joe. "The server is down." E-mail to the author. 18 Nov. 2006. The name of the recipient of the e-mail should be given in the “e-mail to” line. You should refer to yourself as “the author” as shown above if the e-mail was addressed to you by its writer. The date given should be the date the e-mail was sent.
More info	In-text citation examples General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors, undated sources, etc.