CRITERIA FOR SELECTING A RESEARCH PROBLEM

CRITERIA FOR SELECTING A PROBLEM

FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH AND ACTION RESEARCH

QUALITY	FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH	ACTION RESEARCH
AIM	DISCOVERY OF NEW IDEAS, PRINCIPLES AND RULES	IMMEDIATE CHANGE IN ANY SYSTEM
OBJECTIVES	DEVELOP AND TEST NEW EDUCATIONAL THEORIES OBTAIN NEW RULE TO BE GENERALISED	TEST GENERAL PROCEDURES
EXPERTISE	EXPERT TRAINING IS NEEDED	NORMAL TRAINING WILL SUFFICE
NATURE OF THE PROBLEM	ORIGINAL AND COMPREHENSIVE	REGIONAL/NARROW/PERSONAL/PRACTICAL
LOCATING THE PROBLEM	WIDE RANGE OF PROCEDURES VAST AREA	PROBLEM IN THE CLASS ROOM IN TEACHING- LEARNING PROCESS
INVOLVEMENT	RESEARCH WORKER NEED NOT PERSONALLY BE INVOLVED	RESEARCHER IS INVARIABLY INVOLVED
HYPOTHESES	BASED ON RESEARCHES ALREADY CONDUCTED HIGHLY SPECIFIC WELL STATED	BASED ON COLLECTED EVIDENCES
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE SAMPLING	NECESSITATES A THOROUGH AND EXHAUSTIVE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE RANDOM, UNBIASED COMPLICATED PROCEDURES	ONLY GENERAL UNDERSTANDING PUPILS IN THE CLASS ROOM NO PROBLEM OF SAMPLING
DATA COLLECTION	THROUGH PRECISE, RELIABLE  STANDARDISED TOOLS	SELF PREPARED QUESTIONAIRES
DESIGN	CAREFUL ATTENTION	GENERAL PROCEDURES
ANALYSIS OF DATA	COMPLEX ANALYSIS	SIMPLE PROCEDURES
STATISTICAL TREATMENT	STRESS FOR THE SAKE OF OBJECTIVITY	NO STRESS- EVEN SUBJECTIVE VIEWS CAN BE GIVEN
APPLICATION OF RESULTS	FINDINGS CONFINED TO RESEARCH REPORT AND PUBLICATION	FINDINGS ARE APPLIED STRAIGHT AWAY LEADS TO IMPROVEMENT IN TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS
GENERALISATION	CARRIED OUT IN THE LIGHT OF NEW THEORY PROPOUNDED	NO NEED OF GENERALISATION SOLUTION TO PRACTICAL PROBLEM
EVALUATION	EVALUATED BY EXPERTS FOR AWARDING A DEGREE	SELF JUDGEMENT

IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH IN INDEPENDENT INDIA

IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH IN INDEPENDENT INDIA

After India got Independence, a controversy was at its Peak whether English should continue or not. The two views gave their own arguments in for and against the existence of English in India after freedom. Some people opposed English because they thought that it was a foreign language, the language of the British and therefore with the end of their rule, their language should also be abolished. But it was not easy to abolish it at once.

Hence it was given a lease of fifteen years and after that it was to be replaced by Hindi as the national and official language of the country. But when the time for the replacement of English by Hindi came, there was lot of opposition from all sides especially from the south. Nothing could be done in such an atmosphere and finally it was decided that English would remain the official language along with Hindi. English thus got a permanent position in India. It was also felt that in a country where there are many languages, cultures and religious, English would be used as a link language. It was necessary for the existence of unity of our country. In the present scenario English has become the most influential language. Anybody who has good knowledge of English can easily establish himself or herself in the society.

In the field of education, science, technology, engineering, law, medicine, commerce, industry and the diplomatic services English continues to enjoy commanding position. Without English we can't imagine to enter in these fields. Most of the books are available in English. Hence, its knowledge makes us able to read more and more books on different subjects.

English is also an international link language. This is the only language which is used to establish communication all over the world. It is the library language too. Most of the books of technical subjects, science, history etc. have been originally written in English. It is used as code and instruction in the management of library. Hence to gain more and more efficiency in any field of life only the English language can be helpful.

English has become the only widely accepted means of communication in the world. It makes interaction easy. Interaction among the people living in different parts of the world promotes enrichment of culture. We learn different ways of living and we update our knowledge only through interaction. Thus English has occupied the most significant place in India once Nehru said that we should keep open our windows to see the world. English is that window which shows us the world. English has become our necessity. We cannot do nor improve without it. It is the second widely spoken language. Hence we cannot ignore it if we wish to achieve grand success in life. It must be there for its practical advantages.

PLACE OF ENGLISH AFTER INDEPENDENCE

PLACE OF ENGLISH AFTER INDEPENDENCE

    As the responsibility of ruling the country developed during the English rules, they found it necessary to have a body of English knowing Indians to act as their office-assistants. With this end, in view they established a few schools and colleges to each English to the sons of the soil. The Indian readily took advantages of learning the English language because it brought them into closer contact with the rulers and ensured good jobs.

     English thus became the language of administration as well as the medium of instruction in India and, to some extent, the means of subsistence for the rising middle class. In the first place, it served a useful purpose in bringing the different linguistic groups in this muti-lingual country together, and ultimately helping to unite the people, speaking different languages, on a wide political level.

     When the English left India in 1947, our people could not easily decide whether English should continue as the medium of instruction as also as a language of cultural communication. The urge for sending our boys and girls to the so-called English medium schools continued for some time and even now persists largely as a fashion.

     Nothing can be more suicidal than to have a language other than the mother tongue as the medium of instruction. We must think always in our mother tongue. Our power of thinking will cease to be creative and it will cramp if any attempt is made to guide it through the channel of a foreign language, even if it has struck some roots. As a matter of fact, English as the medium of instruction in our schools and colleges has been practically discontinued.

     The next question arises- should English be allowed to continue as the languages of administration. English appears admirably adapted to fulfill the function of administration. We are familiar with its vocabulary, the idioms and fully conversant with its usages. Secondly, our political system is based on the English judicial system, on Western concept of democracy and its variants. But in course of this half-century after the attainment of independence, Hindi as the official state languages, has fairly successfully taken up the place of English and is or its way to further development. There exists elaborate machinery for teaching English, however in India. Superseding English in favour of Hindi- has been undoubtedly a difficult proposition for carrying on the administration. Only a strong feeling of nationalism can check the tendency of the Anglo-philous.

     Our function English continues to discharge for a long time. It has provided us with a suitable medium for communicating with the world, coming in contact with the current scientific and political thought and for absorbing the best elements in the culture of the progressive peoples of the world, as also of other states of our vast country. From this standpoint, it is fortunate that we possess a well-established machinery for teaching the English language in our Schools and Colleges and it is desirable that institutions for teaching English should be allowed to continue to keep abreast of the thoughts of progressive countries of the world.

PLACE OF ENGLISH IN INDIA

PLACE OF ENGLISH IN INDIA

Language is a medium to communicate. In India, several languages are used, English being one of them. English has got a significant place in Indian society. It is the language of the elite class. Generally, English is used in official communication in the country. It is the language of research and advancement. It is the language of computer and Internet. It is therefore, that English has been retained as Associate National Language.

In India a child starts his/her education in English medium. It is a view among the citizens that a child’s bright future lays in good knowledge of English. All the standard texts and study materials are available in English. An English speaking person is regarded as a scholar and an intelligent person. There are several institutions where subjects are taught only in English. The importance of English is increasing day by day. English readership is increasing. It shows aptitude for English knowledge. People prefer English to other languages. It is accepted as an international language. It is seen as a symbol of elegance and smartness. English speaking is a sign of status. It adds to the personality of a person. Its place in India is momentous.

English is becoming popular every day. There is a craze for English in Indian society. In this age of information technology one cannot think of making progress without the knowledge of English. There is an awakening in society towards the learning of English. Our government too has awakened to the importance of English in education curricula. English has been introduced in syllabi right from the early stage. More and more institutions have been opened in for English teaching and learning. English medium schools are thriving even in backward parts of the country. They aired exploiting this rising popularity of English. They are making good money. Today, even a low income family seeks to educate its children in an English medium school. We cannot think of success at the cost of ignoring English. The key to success lies in English learning. Even at higher level English is the medium of instruction. English is the medium of the research and technology. All the research and studies are done in English. Whether it is defense, aviation, airlines, research and technology, institutions of higher studies or foreign affairs, the medium of learning and instruction is English.

English is a global language. It allows us to peep into the whole world. It brings the global community closer.

QUALITIES OF A GOOD RESEARCHER